Oil burner



Oct. 25, 1927. 1,646,834

w. B. PHILIPPE OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 16, 1924 Patented Oct. 25, 1927.

UNITED STATES WILLIAM B. PHILIPPE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed February 16, 1924. Serial No 693,239.

My invention relates to oil burners of the gravity-feed type as appliedto stoves and furnaces for heating purposes. The invention consists inan improved burner construction and in the positioning and assembly ofthe same with the heater in which it is installed.

The main object of my invention is to proQ vide an air draft whichwillinsure perfect combustion, thereby eliminating the deposit of soot uponthe burner and heating surfaces. In attainingthis object, it isdesirable that the various parts of the burner should be adjustablerelative to each other and in some respects, adjustable While in operaton, and other objects of my invention are the provision of means forsecuring such justment. It is also desirable that the air admitted tothe burner be preheated and another object of my invention is to so heatthe air.

In the accompanying drawings which 11- lustrate a selected embodiment ofmyinvention Figure 1 is a vertical section through a hot air furnace ofordinary type in which a burner including my invention is installed.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the furnace and includes a topview of my burner cut away in part for better illustration.

Figure 3 is in part a side elevation and in part a vertical sectiontaken on line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4c is in part an end elevation and in part a vertical sectiontaken on line M of Figure 3. j j j The burner comprises four chiefmembers, abase 1, an oil receiving member 2, a conduit forming memberil,and a shell 4: forming an. air passage adapted to secure maximum flow ofair to the air conduits.

In operation, oil flows by gravity through supply line 5 to thesaucer-shaped portion" 6 of member 2 which is terraced as best in-.dicated in Figure e'and is provided with a series of grooves 7 whichsuccessively receive the oil overflowing saucer 6. The air which uniteswith the oil vapor to form a combustible gas enters the furnace Athrough the draft door 13 at the bottom-of the furnace and passeswithout obstruction upwardly throughout the entire area of the grate C.The area of the air passage through the furnace fire-box is graduallyreduced by deflec'tor 4 until the air reaches base 1 where it entersvertical conduits 8 which are con-' nected with horizontal conduits 9terminating in a downwardly directed discharge outlet 10 just over theterraced oil. receiving member 2. The gradual decrease in diameter ofthe deflector and the elevation of the burner above the airinlet oftheheater produce a flow of air through the conduits which cannot beobtained with an installation in which a horizontal plate or wall closesthe spacerbetweenithe firebox wall and the burner. Theexterior of thedeflecting shell l is exposed to the hot gases in the fire box of thefurnace and this arrangement results in heating the air admitted to theburner. j r j It will be noted that the burner basel and the oilreceiver 2 areoval in shape and that the air conduits 8 are positionedat the ends of the major axis ofthe oval and that the horizontalconduits 9 extend parallel with. this axis.

By making the burner oval in contour, the distance between the oilreceiving grooves and conduits 9 is maintained at a minimum and theconduits are better heated than if a circular terrace was used.

The bottom of member 2 is preferably provided with horizontal flanges 12in which are openings adapted to receive theshouldered ends of screws 13which are threaded into base 1 and may be screwed in or out to raise orlower the adjacent portion of member 2. By means of these screws theentire member 2 may be raised and lowered from the base and what is moreimportant the member may be leveledso that the oil flowing over theterraces will flow equally in all directions.

The base 1 is provided with u'pstanding collars 14L at each end overwhich slide the vertical conduits 8 of member 3. This telescopmgassemblage of the conduits and base permit the conduit to be adjustedvertically relatively to the base and to member 2 by means of rods. 15which engage sockets 1 9 and extend downwardly through the base,deflector 4t and the grate bars C to any suitable elev'atingarrangement, here shown as bell cranks 16 each having one arm pivotallyconnected to one of the rods 15 and having the other 'armiconnected to ahorizontal rod 17 extending through the side of thefurnace and adaptedtolbe adjusted by means of "a thumb screw 18 to raise or lowerrods l5and conduit member 3.

It will be noted that the furnace is pro vided with the usual draft doorB and firedoor D spaced vertically a substantial distance from eachother and that the oil burner is so located. that its bottom is abovethe bottom of the fire-door and is, therefore, a substantial distanceabove grate C. This arrangement not only permitsthe generation of astronger draft through deflector abut also places. the burner in aposition where its operationmay be observed through the open fire-doorwithout having the operation unduly affected'by the opening of thedoor.-

It has been customary to place oil burners directly upon the. gratebarsor to elevate them a slight distance above the same but in suchinstallations as I am familiar with,

ithas been impossible to observethe operation of the burner since theopening of the fire-door would producea draft of air from the fire doorto the furnace chimney which was'entirely above the burner and soyreducethe burner flame that observation, was use-- With my construction thereis a sufficient draft of air produced to .insure complete combustion ofthe oil such asis not obtained with natural draft burners and which whenobtained by a'forced draft burner is obtained only through theemployment ofmotor driven apparatus which increases'the ex pense ofinstallationand operation and requires a'comparatively skilled operator.

*Thegimprovement above referred to is obtained to a less degree by theprovisionof a cylindrical shell, corresponding to deflector 4E, for theelevation'of the burner eventhough it does not provide the maXimumamount of draft resulting'from the use ofthe tapered downwardly flaringde'flctor. /Vith thepreferred construction shown it is possible tosubstantially reduce the'flue opening with a damper and also utilize a'chimney check draft without producing a smoking blazeinth'e burnerresulting from imperfect combustion. The use of the flue. check anddamper eliminates wasteful fpassageof heat up the chimney such as alwaystakes place when it is necessary to leave the flue open to create adraft suflicient to'sup [port combustion, and this-is necessary withafburnerrresti'ng on the grate and. having the space between the sameand the furna We l blocked 0a.; a

r g the flange 2Q'forined on base 1 and thereby:

iwillfbe noted'thatithe deflector 4 has a' circular lower edge whiletheupper edge is ovalin shape so asto be-inserted within support theburner... 'Obviously, the. draft advantages of my construction would beobtained ivith the use of a circularburner'and the oval contourof the 7burner and terrace notessential to this feature ofm'y, invention.

. V Thedeflector one-piece if r it is to be applied to the furnace whenthe burner.

latter isbeing installed, or the deflector may be made in sections whichmay be secured together if it is necessary to insert the sectionsthrough thedoor or other opening in a furnace already in use.

' These and other modifications in the. construction illustrated may bemade without departing from the spirit of my invention as 7 of ,s'aidburner and the upper edge of'which fits within. said flange and elevatessaid burner from the heater grate,

2. In an oil burner j for insertion in a coal type heater, 'anoil'receiving 'membe r, air conduits at thesides of said Imemberextending p dly, over and. downwardly to discharge air over the centerofsaid mem her, and a downwardly flaring shell adapted to substantiallyelevate the' burner above the heater grate andjto form a tapered airpassage from thebottom of said heater to said conduits.

3,. In combination with-a heater having a fire door and a gratesubstantially'spaced from each other; vertically, a down draft oilburner located at the level of said fire door andhaving a crosssectional area much smaller than, the sectional area of the firebox ofsaid heater, and a shell converging from the walls of the heater firebox at the level of said'grate to the bottom of said 4. In combinationwith aheater having a fire 'door'and a grate substantiallyspaced fromeach other vertically, an oilYb'urner having an oil receiving surfacespaced above the bottom of said door and being substam tially smaller inarea than the cross section of. the heater fire-box, an upwardlyconverging shell-extending fromthe wall of the furnace fire box adjacentsaid grate to the lower portion of, said burner, and air conduitsleading from said shell over and down wardly onto the center of saidsurface.

5. .In combination .witha heater, having a draft door near its bottomand a grateabove such door, a shell forming an air passage convergingupwardly from the heater wall at. sa d grate, and'a down. draft burnerat the upper end of said shellsupplied with air.

from said shell;

. 6. An oil'burner comprising an oval up-.

wardly facing member for receiving, oil to be vaporized and ignited andfor directing the flame, of'combustion, vertical conduits. at a the endsonly of said oval member, horis zontal conduits extending from theupper- Cir ends of said vertical conduits, said conduits providing airpassages discharging clownwardly onto the central portion of saidmember.

7. In an oil burner of the class described, an oval base, an oilreceiving terrace oval in contour and provided with oil retaininggrooves arranged in the form of ovals of successively increasingdiameters, and air conduits at the ends of the major axis of said baseextending upwardly, horizontally over said major axis, and downwardly todischarge over the central part of said burner.

8. In an oil burner, an oval base, vertical air conduits at each end ofthe major axis of said base, and an air deflector leading to saidconduits flaring downwardly from the oval contour of said base andhaving a circular lower edge to lit against the inner wall of a circularstove or furnace.

9. In an oil burner, a base having up standing collars forming airpassages, a conduit telescopingly mounted on said collars to formextensions of said passages and provided with a. downwardly directedoutlet intermediate said passages, vertical rods extending through saidcollars and carrying said conduit at spaced points, and adjustablesupports for the lower ends of said rods.

10. In an oil burner, a base having upstanding collars forming airpassages, a conduit telescopingly mounted on said collars to formextensions of said passages and provided with a downwardly directedoutlet in termediate said passages, vertical rods extending through saidcollars and carrying said conduit at spaced points, adjustable supportsfor the lower ends of said rods, and means for simultaneously adjustingsaid supports equally.

11. In an oil burner, an oil receiving member, air conduits at the sidesof said member extending upwardly, over, and downwardly to discharge airover said memher, and a downwardly flaring shell forming a tapered airpassage to said conduits, the length of which shell exceeds the heightof said conduits and the diameter of the lower end of which shellsubstantially exceeds the discharge air over the center of said member,7

and a downwardly flaring shell adapted to substantially elevate theburner above the bottom of the heater and to form a tapered air passagefrom near the bottom of the heater to said conduits.

13. In an oil burner, an oil receiving member, air conduits at the sidesof said member extending upwardly, horizontally, and downwardly todischarge air over the center of said member, and a downwardly flaringshell below said conduits forming a tapered air passage to saidconduits, the Vertical length of said shell substantially exceeding thevertical height of said conduits and the width of the lower end of saidshell substantially exceeding the width of the upper end thereof.

14. In combination with a furnace having a fire door and a draft doorsubstantially spaced from each other vertically, a down draft oil burnerwith its ignition pan substantially as high as the bottom of said firedoor and having an exterior diameter much smaller than the interiordiameter of the fire box of the furnace, and a shell member below saidburner for receiving air admitted through said draft door anddischarging such air to the air conduits of said burner, the height ofsaid shell being at least as great as the radius of said burner and theexterior of said shell being uncovered and exposed to the heat in thefire box of the furnace whereby intaken air is heated before beingdelivered to the burner.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature this 13th day ofFebruary, 1924.

WILLIAM B. PHILIPPE.

